SAŽETAK

Pred vama se nalazi treći Alternativni izvještaj o napretku Bosne i Hercegovine na putu ka članstvu u Evropsku uniju. Izvještaj predstavlja zajednički napor više desetina osoba i organizacija, čiji je zajednički cilj bio da se iz ugla organizacija civilnog društva predstavi aktuelno stanje integracija Bosne i Hercegovine. Imajući na umu da je zvanični Izvještaj o napretku politički izvještaj Evropske komisije, mišljenja smo da kroz objavljivanje Alternativnog izvještaja možemo uticati na njegov sadržaj. Upravo zbog toga, Alternativni izvještaj objavljujemo skoro tri mjeseca pred objavljivanje zvaničnog Izvještaja, u nadi da će to imati uticaja na formulisanje zvaničnog Izvještaja. Izvještaj se u potpunosti fokusira na tzv. političke kriterije, s naglaskom na pitanja:

- stepena demokratičnosti i funkcionisanja države,

- vladavine prava i korupcije,

- ljudskih prava, naročito prava manjinskih i ranjivih grupa, i

- tranzicione pravde.

Svjedoci smo da od ljeta 2014. do ljeta 2015. godine, što je period koji pokriva ovaj izvještaj, u ovim oblastima nije postignut nikakav relevantan napredak.

Proces provedbe odluka ECHR u slučajevima “Sejdić i Finci” i “Zornić protiv Bosne i Hercegovine” je u potpunosti marginaliziran i više ne predstavlja predmet rasprave. Demokratske performanse parlamenata i vlada na državnom, entitetskom i kantonalnom nivou su izrazito slabe. Rad institucija i dalje odlikuje i nestabilnost, netransparentnost i neefikasnost. Odluke ustavnih sudova ne samo da se ne provode, već se i sama pozicija Ustavnog suda BiH dovodi u pitanje. Nikakve značajne i sistematske politike za borbu protiv kršenja ljudskih prava nisu usvojene.

Očekivanja da će Opšti izbori u oktobru 2014. godine donijeti stabilnije političke strukture, spremne da se suoče sa različitim problemima, nisu ispunjena. Od izbora do danas, Bosna i Hercegovina se nalazi u stanju konstantne političke krize.

Reforme pravosuđa su zaustavljene, a Strukturirani dijalog za pravosuđe između BiH i EU ne pokazuje napredak. Nijedan značajan slučaj borbe protiv korupcije nije procesuiran.

Manjinske i ranjive grupe i dalje žive u teškim uslovima. Diskriminacija i nasilje su sveprisutni, a sam Zakon o zabrani diskriminacije nije pokazao očekivane rezultate, imajući na umu da je u šest godina od donošenja Zakona doneseno svega nekoliko pravosnažnih presuda. Sveobuhvatne antidiskriminacijske politike ne postoje.

Poplave koje su pogodile državu u maju 2014. dodatno su pogoršale položaj ekonomski i socijalno ugroženih grupa.

Procesuiranje ratnih zločina i suočavanje s prošlošću, kao preduslovi za kreiranje zdravog okruženja i gradnju zajedničke države, predstavljaju dodatni problem. Politička podrška ratnim zločincima od strane lidera političkih stranaka nastavlja da dijeli već izrazito fragmentirano društvo.

Inicijativa za monitoring evropskih integracija BiH će svakako zagovarati promjene u sferi usvajanja novih zakona i politika, ali i provedbe istih. Nadamo se, takođe, da će i bh. vlasti i EU institucije podržati jaču poziciju civilnog društva unutar različitih foruma u okviru EU integracija BiH. Civilno društvo mora postati treći akter ovog procesa (pored države i EU institucija).

SUMMARY

This is the third Alternative Progress Report on Bosnia and Herzegovina and its path towards the European Union membership. The report is a joint effort of dozens of individuals and organizations, whose common goal was to present the current state of the integration of Bosnia and Herzegovina from the perspective of civil rights organizations. Bearing in mind that the official Progress Report on Bosnia and Herzegovina is a political report of the European Commission, we believe that the publication of the Alternative report can influence its content. Having that in mind, we are publishing the Alternative report nearly three months before the publication of the official Report, hoping that it will have an impact on the official Report’s formulation. The complete focus of the report is on the so-called political criteria, with particular emphasis on the following issues:

- Democracy and the functionality of the State,

- Rule of law and corruption,

- Human rights, especially the rights of minorities and vulnerable groups, and

- Transitional Justice.

No relevant progress has been made in regards to these issues in the time period between the summer of 2014 and the summer of 2015, the time span covered by this report.

The implementation process regarding the ECHR rulings in the cases Sejdić and Finci and Zornić v. Bosnia and Herzegovina has been fully marginalized and is no longer a matter of debate. Performance of the democratic parliaments and governments on state, entity and cantonal levels is extremely low. The work of the institutions is still characterized as unstable, inefficient and with notable lack of transparency. Not only that the decisions of the constitutional courts are not implemented, but the position itself of the Constitutional Court of BIH is questioned. No significant and systematic policies to combat human rights violations have been adopted.

The expectations that the general elections held in October of 2014 would bring a more stable political structures, ready to face various problems, were not met. Since the elections to this day, Bosnia and Herzegovina has been in a state of constant political crises.

Judicial reform has been stopped, and the Structured Dialogue on Justice between BiH and EU does not show any progress. Not a single significant case of corruption has been processed.

Minority and vulnerable groups still live in difficult conditions. Discrimination and violence are all-present, and the law on prohibition of discrimination did not yield the expected results, having in mind that only a few final judgements were passed in the six years after the enactment of the law. Comprehensive anti-discrimination policies for social integration do not exist.

The floods which hit the state in May 2014 additionally worsened the position of the economic and socially vulnerable groups.

The prosecution of war crimes and dealing with the past, as prerequisites for the creation of a healthy environment and the building of a common state, represent an additional problem. The political support provided by the leaders of political parties to the war criminals only further divides the highly fragmented society, as it already is.

Initiative for the Monitoring of the European Integration in BiH will certainly advocate changes concerning the adoption of the new laws and policies, and the implementation thereof. We also hope that the BiH authorities and the EU institutions will support a stronger representation of the civil rights organizations within the various forums within the EU integration of BiH. The civil society must become the third stakeholder in this process, along with the State and the EU institutions.