Izvještaji zemalja o terorizmu je podnesen u skladu sa Članom 22 zakona Sjedinjenih Država , Sekcija 2656f (“Akt”) koji traži da State Department podnese Kongresu pun i kompletan godišnji izvještaj o terorizmu za one zemlje i grupe koje poštuju kriterije Akta. Izvještaj je objavljen u aprilu 2015. Počev od izvještaja za 2004. zamijenio je raniju publikaciju Patterns on Global Terrorism.

Važni trendovi u globalnom terorizmu u 2014. obuhvataju Islamsku državu u Iraku i Levantu (ISIL) sa besprimjerenim širenjem teritorije u Iraku i Siriji, stalni priliv stranih terorista ratnika iz cijelog svijeta koji se pridružuju ISIL-u i porast pojedinačnih ekstremista na Zapadu. I pored fragmentacije al-Qa’ide i njenih pristalica, slabe ili neuspješne vlade i dalje omogućuju moguće okruženje za pojavu ekstremnog radikalizma i nasilja, posebno u Jemenu, Siriji, Libiji, Nigeriji i Iraku. Nastavljajući trend zabilježen u prošlogodišnjem izvještaju, terorističke grupe primjenjuju agresivniju taktiku u svojim napadima. U slučaju ISIL-a, u ovo je uključena i brutalna represija zajednica pod njenom kontrolom i upotreba nemilosrdnih metoda nasilja kao što je odrubljivanje glava i razapinjanje u namjeri da se zastraše protivnici. Boko Haram – koji djeluje u regionu jezera Čad u sjevernoj Nigeriji, sjevernom Kamerunu i jugoistoku Nigera – dijeli sa ISIL-om sklonost za upotrebu brutalne taktike, u što spada kamenovanje, nasumični masovni napadi i otmica djece u cilju ropstva. ISIL cilja na vjerske manjine kao što su hrišćani i Jazidi posebno, ali i muslimani šiiti i sunitska plemena koji se protive njihovim pravilima. Kalendarska 2014. godina je svjedočila o moćnoj regionalnoj i međunarodnoj mobilizaciji da bi se odbila ISIL kako bi se zaustavilo početno napredovanja grupe u Iraku. Prihvatanje Rezolucije 2178 Vijeća sigurnosti UN u septembru predstavljalo je značajan korak naprijed u međunarodnim naporima da sarađuju u sprječavanju priliva stranih terorista ratnika u i iz konfliktnih zona.

Country Reports on Terrorism 2014 is submitted in compliance with Title 22 of the United States Code, Section 2656f (the “Act”), which requires the Department of State to provide to Congress a full and complete annual report on terrorism for those countries and groups meeting the criteria of the Act. The report was published April 2015. Beginning with the report for 2004, it replaced the previously published Patterns of Global Terrorism.

Major trends in global terrorism in 2014 included the Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant’s (ISIL’s) unprecedented seizure of territory in Iraq and Syria, the continued flow of foreign terrorist fighters worldwide to join ISIL, and the rise of lone offender violent extremists in the West. Despite the fragmentation of al-Qa’ida and its affiliates, weak or failed governance continued to provide an enabling environment for the emergence of extremist radicalism and violence, notably in Yemen, Syria, Libya, Nigeria, and Iraq. Continuing a trend noted in last year’s report, terrorist groups employed more aggressive tactics in their attacks. In ISIL’s case, this included brutal repression of communities under its control and the use of ruthless methods of violence such as beheadings and crucifixions intended to terrify opponents. Boko Haram – operating in the Lake Chad Basin region of northern Nigeria, northern Cameroon, and southeast Niger – shared with ISIL a penchant for the use of brutal tactics, which included stonings, indiscriminate mass casualty attacks, and kidnapping children for enslavement. ISIL targeted religious minorities such as Christians and Yazidis in particular, but also Shia Muslims and Sunni tribesmen who defied its rule. The 2014 calendar year also witnessed a powerful regional and international mobilization to counter ISIL that halted the group’s initial advances in Iraq. The adoption of UN Security Council Resolution 2178 in September constituted a significant step forward in international efforts to cooperate in preventing the flow of foreign terrorist fighters to and from conflict zones.

BOSNA I HERCEGOVINA

Pregled: Bosna i Hercegovina (BiH) ostala je kooperativan partner u borbi protiv terorizma i nastavila da polako napreduje u povećanju svoje antiterorističke aktivnosti u 2014. BiH agencije za provedbu zakona uopće izbliza prate put sumnjivih stranih terorista ratnika i provode operacije protiv njih, iako treba poboljšati internu saradnju. Zajedničke antiterorističke snage BiH, sa zadatkom da poboljšaju saradnju između brojnih sigurnosnih i političkih agencija u BiH kako bi se bolje suočili sa potencijalnim terorističkim prijetnjama prilično su posustale tokom protekle godine. Islamistička ekstremistička ideologija i regionalne nacionalističke ekstremičke grupe i dalje su potencijalni izvori nasilnog ekstremizma u BiH.

BiH je svjedok da je značajan broj njenih građana tokom protekle godine putovao u Siriju i Irak. U avgustu, vlada BiH je počela da razmatra prijedlog o donaciji oružja vladi Iraka da bi pomogla u borbi protiv islamističke države u Iraku i Levantu. U novembru 2014. BiH se priključila Globalnoj koaliciji za borbu protiv ISIL-a, a u decembruje uputila svog ministra vanjskih poslova u Brisel da učestvuje u ministarskoj koaliciji predvođenoj SAD.

BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA

Overview: Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) remained a cooperative counterterrorism partner and continued to make slow progress in increasing its counterterrorism capacity in 2014. BiH law enforcement agencies generally keep close track of foreign terrorist fighter suspects in BiH and have carried out operations against them, although internal cooperation needs to improve. BiH’s Joint Terrorism Task Force, tasked with improving coordination between BiH’s many security and police agencies to better counter potential terrorist threats, has faltered significantly over the last year. Islamist extremist ideology and regional nationalist extremist groups both remain potential sources of violent extremism in BiH.

BiH has seen a significant number of its citizens travel to Syria and Iraq over the last year. In August, the BiH government began to consider a proposal to donate ammunition to the Government of Iraq to assist in its counter-Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) efforts. In November 2014, BiH joined the Global Coalition to Counter ISIL and in December sent its Foreign Minister to Brussels to participate in the U.S.-led coalition ministerial.

Zakonodavtsvo, provedba zakona i sigurnost granica:

BiH nema opsežan zakonski okvir protiv terorizma, ali je u julu Skupština donijela prvi zakon u regionu Balkana “o stranim teroristima ratnicima” s ciljem da obeshrabri građane BiH od učešća u stranim paramilitarnim grupama. Zakon, koji se ne odnosi na građane BiH koji služe u oružanim snagama međunarodno priznatih zemalja, kriminalizira organiziranje, rukovođenje, obučavanje, opremanje ili regrutiranje pojedinaca ili grupa ljudi koji odlaze da se bore van zemlje i pridruže paramilitarnim grupama i za oboje nameće i zatvorsku kaznu i novčanu globu.

Veliki broj pitanja o koordinaciji i saradnji BiH nastali su preklapanjem jurisdikcije u provedbi zakona. Problem je i rezultat ličnih, političkih i insitucionalnih rivaliteta koji postoje među većinom policijskih agencija, kao i u Tužiteljstvu i Sudu BiH. Mnoga od tih rivalstava su duboko ukorijenjena i teško ih je prevazići.

U oktobru i novembru vlasti BiH su uhapsile ukupno 27 osumnjičenih u dvije odvojene akcije pod nazivom “Operacija Damask” koja je imala za cilj građane BiH koji su išli da se bore u Siriji i Iraku, kao i one koji su ih podržavali ili pomagali u njihovim naporima. Četvrtog septembra, bosanske vlasti u saradnji sa talijanskim, u Bosni su uhapsile Bilala Bosnića, propovjednika iz Kremone i još 15 drugih aktivista, i zaplijenile velike količine oružja. Bosnić je optužen za regrutiranje i finansiranje stranih terorista ratnika upućenih u Siriju i Irak.

U oktobru, na suđenju u vezi terorizma Apelacioni sud BiH odredio je novo suđenje za Harisa Čauševića koji je 2013. optužen za teroristički akt i osuđen na zatvorsku kaznu od 45 godina zbog bombaškog napada 2010. na policijsku stanicu u Bugojnu kad je ubijen jedan policajac a ranjeno šest. Apelacioni sud se složio sa odbranom da je prva sesija spriječila da pozove dodatne svjedoke i odredila novo suđenje. Za ovaj slučaj se neće u cijelosti opet suditi, samo u dijelovima gdje odbrana može pozvati te svjedoke. Ovo je drugi put od 2013. da je sud odbacio slučaj terorizma po žalbi.

Da bi pratila ulaske u BiH, granična policija (BP) BiH koristi kompjuterizovane baze podataka i softver da bi pomogla u prikupljanju informacija o imigraciji i putnicima. Sistem povezuje svih 55 graničnih prelaza i sva četiri aerodroma (Sarajevo, Tuzla, Mostar i Banjaluka) putem informativne mreže državne policije, mreže koju je razvilo i doniralo Odjeljenje pravde za program u pomoći obuke za međunarodnu istragu kriminala (ICITAP) a koji je osnovao State Department. Terenski uredi i BP i Službe za vanjska pitanja (FAS) povezani su sa ovim sistemom. On omogućuje BP i FAS trenutni pristup drugim bazama podataka (uključujući Interpol) da provedu odgovarajuće provjere i unakrsne provjere. Agencije za provedbu zakona u BiH imaju sposobnost da dodaju podatke u ovaj sistem i svaka uvredljiva informacija postaće ‘hit’ kad pasoš pojedinca ili lična isprava BiH prođe kroz skener na tački ulaza. BP ima i zakonske ovlasti i fizička sredstva na graničnim prelazima da zadrže pojedince do 24 sata dok ne konsultiraju SIPU i Tužiteljstvo BiH u vezi narednih koraka koji se odnose na sumnjive osobe.

Kroz program pomoći State Departmenta u borbi protiv terorizma, bosanska provedba zakona dobila je obuku u razvoju instruktora, direkciji za krizni menadžment i direkciji za plan borbe protiv terorizma.

Odvojeno od toga, ICITAP radi sa FAS-om da obezbijedi biometrijski sistem koji će omogućiti bolji nadzor prilikom ulaska i izlaska pojedinaca iz BiH. Ovaj sistem je kompatibilan sa sistemima EU i BiH sada treba da poboljša postojeći Centar za hitne operacije u Ministarstvu sigurnosti BiH. U slučaju terorističkog napada, ovi centri će biti u stanju da zajedno rade da osiguraju kako bi traženi resursi bili dostupni u cijeloj BiH. ICITAP, sa Odjeljenjem finansija takođe pomaže u gradnji mobilnih komandnih mjesta koji na licu mjesta mogu odgovoriti na svaku katastrofu i koordinirati odgovore.

Legislation, Law Enforcement, and Border Security:

BiH does not have a comprehensive counterterrorism legal framework, but in July, Parliament enacted the first “foreign terrorist fighter” law in the Balkans region in an effort to discourage BiH citizens from participating in foreign paramilitary groups. The bill, which does not address BiH citizens who serve in the armed forces of internationally-recognized countries, criminalizes organizing, managing, training, equipping, or recruiting individuals or groups of people to fight abroad, and joining paramilitary groups and imposes both imprisonment and monetary fines.

Much of BiH’s coordination and cooperation issues are caused by overlapping law enforcement jurisdictions. The problem is also the result of personal, political, and institutional rivalries that exist among most police agencies as well as with the BiH Prosecutor’s Office and BiH Court. Many of these rivalries are deeply ingrained and difficult to overcome.

In October and November, BiH authorities arrested a combined total of 27 suspects in two separate actions under “Operation Damascus,” which targeted BiH citizens who went to fight in Syria and Iraq as well as those who supported them or aided them in their efforts.

On September 4, Bosnian authorities, in cooperation with Italian authorities, arrested in BiH Bilal Bosnic, a Cremona preacher, and another 15 activists, seizing large quantities of weapons. Bosnic was accused of having recruited and funded foreign terrorist fighters sent to Syria and Iraq.

On terrorism-related prosecutions, in October, the BiH Appeals Court ordered a new trial for Haris Causevic, who was convicted in 2013 of a terrorist act and sentenced to 45 years in prison for the June 2010 bombing of a police station in Bugojno, which killed one police officer and injured six others. The Appeals Court agreed with the defense that the first panel had prevented it from calling additional witnesses and ordered a new trial. The case will not be re-tried in whole, but only the parts where the defense can call these witnesses. This is the second time since 2013 that a court has overturned a terrorism case on appeal.

To track entries into BiH, the BiH Border Police (BP) use a computerized database and software system to support immigration and passenger information collection. The system links all 55 border crossings and all four airport locations (Sarajevo, Tuzla, Mostar, and Banja Luka) via the State Police Information Network, a network developed and donated by the Department of Justice’s International Criminal Investigative Training Assistance Program (ICITAP), funded by the U.S. Department of State. Both the BP and the Foreigners Affairs Service (FAS) field offices are connected to this system. It provides the BP and FAS with immediate access to other supporting databases (including Interpol) to run appropriate checks and cross-checks. All law enforcement agencies in BiH have the capability to add data into this system, and any derogatory information will come up as a “hit” when a subject’s passport or BiH identification card is passed through the scanner at the point of entry. The BP has both legal authority and physical facilities at border crossings to detain individuals for up to 24 hours while they consult with SIPA and the BiH Prosecutor’s Office regarding next steps regarding questionable individuals.

Through the Department of State’s Antiterrorism Assistance program, Bosnian law enforcement received training in instructor development, critical incident management, and management of antiterrorism curricula.

Separately, ICITAP is working with the FAS to provide a biometrics system that will permit it to better monitor individuals entering and leaving BiH. This system is compatible with EU systems, and BiH has now met the requirements to share biometrics data with the EU. ICITAP is also helping to upgrade the existing Emergency Operation Center at the BiH Ministry of Security. In the event of a terrorist attack, these centers would be able to work together to ensure that required resources are made available anywhere in BiH. ICITAP, with Department of State funding, is also assisting with the construction of mobile command posts which can respond to the scene of any disaster and coordinate responses.

Suzbijanje finansiranja terorizma:

BiH pripada Komitetu eksperata o procjeni mjera protiv pranja novca i finansiranja terorizma (MONEYVAL), operativne grupe za finansijsku akciju (FASTF) regionalnog tijela, koji je 2014. izrazio zabrinutost da BiH treba poboljšati zakone kako bi što efikasnije spriječili i otkrili pranje novca i finansiranje terorizma. BiH je i članica EGMONT grupe, globalne asocijacije finansijskih obavještajnih jedinica.

Novi zakon o sprječavanja pranja novca i finansiranja terorizma stvorio je odjeljenje za istraživanje finansija unutar vlade koje ima ovlasti da proslijedi informacije i podatke odgovarajućim vlastima u vezi pranja novca i finansiranja terorističkih organizacija. Propisi i amandmani Krivičnog zakona nisu implementairani do kraja 2014.

Više informacija o pranju novca i finansijskom kriminalu vidjeti u 2014 International Narcotics Control Strategy Report (INCSR) , Volume 2 Money Loundering and Financial Crimes: http // www.state.gov/j/inl/ris/ncrpt/index.htm.

Countering the Financing of Terrorism:

BiH belongs to the Committee of Experts on the Evaluation of Anti-Money Laundering Measures and the Financing of Terrorism (MONEYVAL), a Financial Action Task Force (FATF)-style regional body, which in 2014 expressed concerns that BiH needed to improve its laws to better deter and detect money laundering and terrorist financing. BiH is also a member of the Egmont Group, a global association of financial intelligence units.

The new law on Prevention of Money Laundering and Terrorism Financing created a financial investigation department within the government that is empowered to forward information and data to appropriate authorities concerning money laundering and funding of terrorist organizations. The bylaws and amendments to Criminal Code had not been implemented as of the end of 2014.

For further information on money laundering and financial crimes, see the 2014 International Narcotics Control Strategy Report (INCSR), Volume 2, Money Laundering and Financial Crimes: http://www.state.gov/j/inl/rls/nrcrpt/index.htm.

Regionalna i međunarodna saradnja:

Krivični zakon BiH i zakonski okvir su generalno usklađeni sa standardima UN i EU u borbi protiv terorizma. U septembru BiH je glasala za podršku Rezolucije 2178 Vijeća sigurnosti UN kojom se od zemalja traži da preduzmu izvjesne korake kako bi se suočili sa prijetnjom stranih ratnika. Bosanska vlada je učestvovala na okruglom stolu o stranim teroristima ratnicima za balkanske zemlje čiji je domaćin bio State Department na marginama UNGA.

Agencije BiH za provedbu zakona redovno sarađuju sa američkim i evropskim agencijama u istragama protiv terorizma. Interpol u Sarajevu ima ured koji dobro sarađuje sa svim agencijama za provedbu zakona u cijeloj zemlji, a sve imaju direktan pristup bazama podataka. Regionalna saradnja sa Hrvatskom i Srbijom na nivou profesionalne provedbe zakona poboljšala se u 2014.

Suzbijanje radikalizacije nasilja i nasilnog ekstremizma:

Glavne vjerske zajednice u BiH (islamska, pravoslavna, katolička i jevrejska) nastavljaju da sarađuju kroz Međureligijsko vijeće da bi promovirali toleranciju i suprotstavili se aktima netrpeljivosti ili ekstremizma upravljenim na bilo koju zajednicu. Među javnim ličnostima, lider islamske zajednice u BiH reis Kavazović i dalje govori o ‘pogrešnom tumačenju Islama’ Koje vodi do ekstremističkog nasilja, a bošnjački član tročlanog Predsjedništva BiH, koji djeluje i kao lider političke stranke, izdao je saopćenje u oktobru u kome se oštro kritizira ISIL i osuđuju oni koji ga podržavaju. Na akademiji, ugledni professor sa fakulteta islamskih nauka u Centru za napredne studije u Sarajevu, objavio je u vodećim dnevnom listu u Bosni u novembru, članak u kome osuđuje terorističku organizaciju ISIL.

Regional and International Cooperation:

BiH’s criminal code and related legal framework are generally harmonized with UN and EU counterterrorism standards. In September, BiH voted to support UN Security Council Resolution 2178, which requires countries to take certain steps to address the foreign fighter threat. The Bosnian government participated in the Foreign Terrorist Fighters roundtable for Balkan countries hosted by the State Department on the margins of the UNGA.

BiH law enforcement agencies regularly interact with their U.S. and European counterparts on counterterrorism investigations. Interpol has a Sarajevo branch office that enjoys good cooperation with all law enforcement agencies throughout the country, all which have direct access to its databases. Regional cooperation at the professional law enforcement level with Croatia and Serbia improved in 2014.

Countering Radicalization to Violence and Violent Extremism:

The main religious communities in BiH (Islamic, Orthodox, Catholic, and Jewish) continued to work together through the Interreligious Council to promote tolerance and confront acts of bigotry or extremism directed at any of the communities. Among public figures, the leader of the Islamic Community in BiH, Reis Kavazovic, continued to speak out against “misinterpretations of Islam” that lead to extremist violence, and the Bosniak Member of BiH’s Tri-Presidency, acting in his capacity as a political party leader, issued a statement in October that was sharply critical of ISIL and condemned those who support it. In academia, a noted professor from the faculty of Islamic Sciences at the Center for Advanced Studies in Sarajevo published a piece in Bosnia’s leading daily newspaper in November, condemning the ISIL terrorist organization.